Design vs. Engineering- is there a difference?

Có lẽ không chỉ diễn đàn này mà còn rất nhiều diễn đàn khác, không chỉ trong nước mà còn trên các diễn đàn nước ngoài, không chỉ có kỹ sư thiết kế - thi công công trình biển-dầu khí chúng ta trao đổi, thậm chí tranh cãi về khái niệm "Design" và "Engineering" và giữa chúng có gì giống và khác nhau? bản thân tôi trong quá trình đi tìm câu trả lời, cũng tâm đắc một số điều chia sẻ cùng anh em.

1. Khái niệm Engineering

Engineering is the science, skill, and profession of acquiring and applying scientific, economic, social, and practical knowledge, in order to design and also build structures, machines, devices, systems, materials and processes.

The American Engineers' Council for Professional Development (ECPD, the predecessor of ABET) has defined "engineering" as:

"The creative application of scientific principles to design or develop structures, machines, apparatus, or manufacturing processes, or works utilizing them singly or in combination; or to construct or operate the same with full cognizance of their design; or to forecast their behavior under specific operating conditions; all as respects an intended function, economics of operation or safety to life and property.

One who practices engineering is called an engineer, and those licensed to do so may have more formal designations such as Professional Engineer, Chartered Engineer, Incorporated Engineer, Ingenieur or European Engineer. The broad discipline of engineering encompasses a range of more specialized sub disciplines, each with a more specific emphasis on certain fields of application and particular areas of technology".

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering

2. Vậy thì Design và Engineering có gì khác biệt?

Công ty chúng tôi có một số mặt hàng "Made by Myself". Để có được sản phẩm phục vụ cho nhu cầu nào đó thì thoạt đầu chúng tôi phải nghĩ, tưởng tượng, phác thảo sơ bộ ra hình dáng của sản phẩm, yêu cầu đặt ra là sản phẩm thành hình thì cũng cần phải thuận tiện sử dụng, phải thuận tiện cho người tiêu dùng, cũng phải thuận tiện để đóng gói, vận chuyển, rồi thì nếu cần upgrade nó thì có sẵn điều kiện trên sản phẩm,và còn nhiều thứ nữa...

Làm những chuyện như vậy thì gọi là "Doing design"

Dựa trên các ý tưởng, phác thảo đó, chúng tôi bắt đầu áp dụng các kiến thức, các tiêu chuẩn,….. tính toán bằng những con số liên quan kích thước, đến vật liệu, bản vẽ và các quy trình gia công, chế tạo sao cho sản phẩm dễ sản xuất giá thành vừa rẽ mà sản phẩm cũng vừa bền...

Làm những chuyện này thì lại gọi là "Doing engineering"

(còn tiếp)

 

-Để hiểu rõ hơn,có vài bài viết hay để các bạn xem.

Design vs. Engineering- is there a difference?

As a product designer, I find that many inventors and start-up companies with a product or an idea will automatically find an engineer to do their bidding. I can see the difference immediately and too often the products that come about as a result end up on late night television as the "Widget 2000" or something along those lines.

Products which are engineered will sell. Products which are designed sell well.

It is my job, when designing a product for a client, to consider everything that goes into a product. I take into account not only the end user, but, also the manufacturer, the cashier, the shipper, the magazine ad, the packaging, the landfill count, the "idiot factor"... and so on. The engineer`s job is to make the thing work. And, at times, with no regard for the rest of the world.

The fundamental reason for this difference is the ways the engineer and the designer think. Engineers are math based, and, as a result, are looking for an absolute answer. Designers are art based; they look for the bigger picture. There is no absolute in the art world, save that of materials being changed by human intent (even that is being questioned...).

http://www.startupnation.com/Design-...ference/topic/

 

-Một bài khác kể chuyện của Apple

Apple Design vs Apple Engineering

The first Mac prototypes were hand-made using a technique called "wire-wrapping", where each individual signal is routed by wrapping an individual wire around two pins. Burrell [Smith] wire-wrapped the first prototype himself, and then others were done by Brian Howard and Dan Kottke. But wire-wrapping is time consuming and error prone.

By the spring of 1981, the Mac's hardware design was stable enough for us to make a printed circuit board, which would allow us to make prototypes much more quickly. We recruited Collete Askeland from the Apple II group to lay out the board, and after working with Burrell and Brian for a couple of weeks, she taped out the design and sent it off for a limited production run of a few dozen boards.

We started having weekly management meetings in June 1981, which were attended by most of the team, where we discussed the issues of the week. At the second or third meeting, Burrell presented an intricate blueprint of the PC board layout, which had already been used to build a few working prototypes, blown up to four times the actual size.

Steve [Jobs] started critiquing the layout on a purely esthetic basis. "That part's really pretty", he proclaimed. "But look at the memory chips. That's ugly. The lines are too close together".

George Crow, our recently hired analog engineer, interrupted Steve. "Who cares what the PC board looks like? The only thing that's important is how well that it works. Nobody is going to see the PC board."

Steve responded strongly. "I'm gonna see it! I want it to be as beautiful as possible, even if it's inside the box. A great carpenter isn't going to use lousy wood for the back of a cabinet, even though nobody's going to see it."

George started to argue with Steve, since he wasn't on the team long enough to know that it was a losing battle. Fortunately, Burrell interrupted him.

"Well, that was a difficult part to layout because of the memory bus.", Burrell responded. "If we change it, it might not work as well electrically".

"OK, I'll tell you what," said Steve. "Let's do another layout to make the board prettier, but if it doesn't work as well, we'll change it back."

So we invested another $5,000 or so to make a few boards with a new layout that routed the memory bus in a Steve-approved fashion. But sure enough, the new boards didn't work properly, as Burrell had predicted, so we switched back to the old design for the next run of prototypes.

http://gizmodo.com/5575412/apple-des...le-engineering

Trong bài này thì George Crow là Engineer, Steve Jobs là Designer ./.

 

Vậy có thể hiểu Thiết kế cơ sở thì gọi là Basic Design, thiết kế chi tiết thường gọi là Detail Engineering chăng?